CRRUCS Report 2001 The Role of African-American Churches in Reducing Crime Among Black Youth Appendix A: Descriptive Statistics of Variables and Items Used for Analysis Variables and Items Mean W3 SD W4 n Factor Loading Reliability Coefficient (a) Neighborhood Disorder 1.45 .52 226   .87 "Please tell me whether you think each is a problem in your neighborhood ..." (1=not a problem at all; 2=somewhat of a problem; 3=big problem) 1. Vandalism, buildings and personal belongings  broken and torn up       .74   2. Winos and junkies       .70   3. Traffic       .44   4. Abandoned houses       .68   5. Sexual assaults or rapes       .78   6. Burglaries and thefts       .77   7. Run down and poorly kept buildings and yards       .70   8. Assaults and muggings       .77   Religious Involvement 2.85 1.35 226     "During the past year, how often did you attend church,  synagogue, or other religious services?" (1=never; 2=several times a year; 3=once or twice a month; 4=once a week; 5=several times a week) Attachment to Family .14 1.52 226     Family Involvement         .77 “On the average, how many ___ during the school week have you spent talking, working, or playing with your family?" (0 through 5) 1. afternoons ... from the end of school or work to dinner       .88   2. evenings ... from dinnertime to bedtime       .83    “On the weekends, how much time have you generally spent talking, working, or playing with your family?” (1=very little; 2=not too much; 3=some; 4=quite a bit; 5=a great deal)       .49   Affective Ties to Family         .71 “How much do you agree or disagree with (that) ...?” (1=strongly disagree; 2=disagree; 3=neither agree nor disagree; 4=agree; 5=strongly agree) 1. I feel like an outsider with family*       .69   2. My family is willing to listen if I have a problem       .62   3. Sometimes I feel lonely when I’m with my family*       .32   4. I feel close to my family       .75   5. My family doesn’t take much interest in my problems*       .54   * reverse coded           Conventional Attitudes 3.34 .47 226   .85 "How wrong is it for you or someone of your age to ...?" (1=not wrong at all; 2=a little bit wrong; 3=wrong; 4=very wrong)           1. purposely damage or destroy property that does not belong to you       .63   2. steal something worth less than $5       .67   3. hit or threaten to hit someone without any reason       .67   4. break into a vehicle or building to steal something       .78   5. sell hard drugs such as heroin, cocaine, and LSD       .59   6. steal something worth more than $50       .82   Deviant Peer Association .04 1.09 219   .83 “During the last year how many of (your close friends) have ...?” (1=none of them; 2=very few of them; 3=some of them; 4=most of them; 5=all of them) 1. hit or threatened to hit someone without any reason       .64   2. stolen something worth less than $5       .63   3. stolen something worth more than $50       .76   4. broken into vehicle or building to steal something       .81   5. sold hard drugs such as heroin, cocaine, and LSD       .66   General Crime 3.24 .76 226     “How (often) in the last year have you ...?” (1=never; 2=once or twice a year; 3=once every 2-3 months; 4=once a month; 5=once every 2-3 weeks; 6=once a week; 7=two to three times a week; 8=once a day; 9=two to three times a day) Felony Assault 1. attacked someone with the idea of seriously hurting or killing him/her 2. had (tried to have) sexual relations with someone against their will 3. been involved in gang fights Minor Assault 1. hit (or threatened to hit) a teacher other adult at school 2. hit (or threatened to hit) one of your parents 3. hit (or threatened to hit) other students Robbery 1. used force (strong-arm methods) to get money or things from other students 2. used force (strong-arm methods) to get money or things from a teach or other adults at school 3. used force (strong-arm methods) to get money or things from other people Felony Theft 1. stolen (or tried to steal) a motor vehicle, such as a car or motorcycle 2. stolen (or tried to steal) something worth more than $50 3. broken into a building or vehicle (or tried to break in) to steal something or just to look around 4. knowingly bought, sold or held stolen goods (or tried to do any of these things) Minor Theft 1. stolen (or tried to steal) things worth $5 or less 2. stolen (or tried to steal) things worth between $5 and $50 3. taken a vehicle for a ride (drive) without the owner’s permission Illegal Services 1. been paid for having sexual relations with someone 2. old marijuana or hashish (“pot,” “grass,” “hash”) 3. sold hard drugs such as heroin, cocaine, and LSD Minor Crime 2.24 .63 226     Minor Assault Minor Theft           Serious Crime 2.14 .59 226     Felony Assault Robbery Felony Theft Illegal Services           Male .58 .49 226     Age 17.70 1.84 226     Family Class (Hollingshead Composite) 53.34 14.51 216     Family Intactness (Living with Both Biological Parents) .23 .42 226     Family Size (Number of Children at Home at Wave 1) 3.58 1.80 221

UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA Center for Research on Religion and Urban Civil Society SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SCIENCES John J. DiIulio, Jr., Founding Director EMAIL THIS | PRINTER FRIENDLY SUMMARY: This report traces the history of the African-American church outreach in America, summarizes the state of African-American church outreach today, and examines surveys documenting the extent of African-American church outreach. TABLE OF CONTENTS: Introduction Correlates of Youth Crime The African-American Church: A Neglected Research Area Neighborhood Disorder Church Involvement Study Hypotheses Methodology Measuring Crime Results Conclusion Appendix A: Descriptive Statistics Appendix B: Tables 1-3 Appendix C: Figures 1-2 Endnotes About CRRUCS