Civic ReportNo. 35 March 2003Gaining Ground, Moving Up: The Change in the Economic Status of Single Mother Under Welfare Reform
Table 12: The Mean Ratio of HOUSEHOLD Post-Tax Cash and Non-Cash Income to the Poverty Threshold in Single Mother Households for Different Subgroups of Mothers
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
All single mother households
1.79
1.84
1.80
1.77
1.74
1.92
1.90
1.99
2.14
2.20
2.15
By Quintile: 1)
Lowest quintile
0.97
0.93
1.00
0.94
0.91
0.99
1.04
1.10
1.09
1.15
1.12
1.08
Second quintile
1.07
1.11
1.05
1.27
1.14
1.29
1.23
1.31
1.50
1.47
Third quintile
1.51
1.52
1.45
1.55
1.60
1.69
1.67
1.70
1.89
1.96
2.02
Fourth quintile
2.13
2.17
2.05
2.19
2.09
2.06
2.23
2.32
2.42
2.46
2.54
Highest quintile
3.31
3.38
3.27
3.26
3.24
3.18
3.44
3.29
3.40
3.50
3.83
3.81
By Mother’s Education
<HS
1.17
1.22
1.30
1.24
1.34
1.44
1.39
=HS
1.73
1.81
1.71
1.66
1.83
1.86
1.94
>HS
2.38
2.35
2.26
2.30
2.34
2.37
2.47
2.69
2.72
By Mother’s Race
Black
1.48
1.54
1.43
1.37
1.56
1.62
1.85
Hispanic
1.42
1.46
1.41
1.87
White
2.08
2.12
2.07
2.10
2.24
2.49
2.56
2.48
By Living Arrangement
Independent families
1.49
1.58
1.63
1.65
1.91
Cohabiting families
2.25
2.65
2.21
2.36
2.28
2.61
2.53
2.44
Extended families
2.18
2.11
2.29
Unrelated families
2.31
2.40
2.64
2.63
2.33
2.58
2.76
2.93
1) Quintile determined by single mother’s own cash income. Income is measured as the mean within quintiles.
[Table 1][Table 2][Table 3][Table 4][Table 5][Table 6][Table 7][Table 8][Table 9][Table 10][Table 11][Table 12][Table 13][Table 14]