Civic Report
No. 35 March 2003


Gaining Ground, Moving Up: The Change in the Economic Status of Single Mother Under Welfare Reform

Table C-1: Distribution of Single Mothers (Ages 18–44) by Living Arrangement

 

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

Living Arrangement:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Independent family

59.6

59.1

57.7

57.0

57.3

57.9

56.1

54.7

55.4

54.9

57.0

53.1

53.9

Cohabiting family

5.7

5.7

5.6

6.9

6.8

6.7

7.6

8.6

8.6

9.1

9.3

10.4

11.3

Extended arrangement (total)

34.6

35.2

36.7

36.1

35.9

35.4

36.3

36.7

36.0

36.0

33.7

36.5

34.9

Extended family

29.5

29.7

30.5

29.8

29.5

29.1

30.2

31.4

30.8

30.9

29.1

31.2

30.0

Unrelated family/individuals

5.1

5.5

6.2

6.3

6.4

6.3

6.1

5.3

5.2

5.1

4.6

5.3

4.9

Note: The living arrangements are defined as: Independent family: single mother family with no adults other than the mother in the household; Cohabiting: single mother family with one unrelated male (ages 18–60) and no other adults present; Extended family: single mother family living with related adults or families; Unrelated families: single mother family lives in a household with unrelated families or individuals (other than male partner).

Source: Calculated from micro data files, March CPS Supplement.

Table C-2: Characteristics and Income Source of Single Mothers with Zero Cash Income of Their Own in the Prior Year

 

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

% with zero reported income

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

All single mothers

  4.1

  4.2

  4.0

  4.1

  4.6

  3.5

  4.3

  4.5

  4.2

  4.8

  5.6

4.8

5.0

Single mothers in the lowest income quintile

19.2

20.8

19.6

21.0

21.8

16.9

21.4

22.4

21.0

23.8

27.7

24.0

25.4

% living with a male partner

  1.1

  6.6

  2.4

3.8

6.4

  5.3

  6.1

  9.1

12.4

  9.9

11.4

  8.7

14.3

% living with extended family 1)

70.9

60.2

62.0

61.0

62.8

54.1

62.3

66.3

56.9

60.6

64.2

67.2

64.4

% high school dropout

54.1

51.4

36.3

47.7

37.0

48.9

46.1

43.5

41.8

46.0

44.0

45.3

40.0

% age 18-24

52.2

33.9

46.6

43.1

43.4

36.9

38.2

43.4

42.6

34.0

37.3

43.6

39.8

% foreign-born, non-citizen

18.2

20.8

24.7

18.8

19.5

20.5

21.9

19.3

Source of income:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

% with cash income from other family members or a male partner

67.3

58.3

60.4

57.9

61.5

52.7

59.4

62.8

55.4

53.0

60.8

64.2

61.9

% with cash income from other family and/or household members

84.8

75.0

80.0

71.8

84.7

74.9

72.5

79.3

73.3

72.0

77.7

80.5

82.0

% with cash and/or non-cash income in a household

95.1

90.7

94.0

91.0

97.6

92.3

96.2

95.7

92.2

94.0

94.4

94.6

95.7

Poverty rate:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Based on official definition (family cash income)

64.8

77.1

72.2

72.9

69.9

78.2

72.8

69.1

71.6

76.3

69.2

57.6

54.6

Based on household cash and non-cash income after taxes

49.3

65.0

61.0

59.7

53.7

64.4

61.6

56.9

58.6

62.5

49.8

54.3

45.8

1) Extended family is defined as single mother family living with related adults or families.

Note: Characteristics are as of March of the stated year. Income, however, refers to the prior calendar year.  Calculated from the micro data files, CPS March Supplement for single mothers ages 18–44 with children under 18.

[Appendix Table A][Appendix: Table B-1][Appendix Table B-2]
[
Appendix Table C-1][Appendix Table C-2][Appendix Table C-3]
[
Appendix Table D-1][Appendix Table D-2][Appendix Table E]